Which development significantly improved public health in industrial cities?

The development that significantly improved public health in industrial cities is the provision of clean drinking water and toilets. During the Industrial Revolution, rapid urbanization led to overcrowding in cities, which often resulted in poor sanitary conditions. The lack of proper waste disposal and contaminated water supplies contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever.

Implementing systems for clean drinking water was crucial for preventing waterborne diseases. The introduction of plumbing systems and public toilets also helped manage human waste effectively, reducing the health risks associated with unsanitary conditions. Access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities was fundamental to improving hygiene and overall public health during this period.

While better housing conditions and enhanced public transportation also played roles in improving urban life, they did not have as direct an impact on public health as the availability of clean water and sanitation did. Increased industrial activity, in contrast, often exacerbated health issues due to pollution and overcrowding. Therefore, the emphasis on providing clean drinking water and toilets stands out as the most significant factor in improving public health in industrial cities.